Da ich in den letzten Tagen viel von euren Beiträgen profitieren konnte, poste ich auch mal meine Version des Globalisation Lernzettels. Für Rechtschreibfehler oder Tippfehler übernehme ich keine Haftung!

Globalisation

Definition:
• Globalisation is the process of transformation of local or regional phenomena into global ones. It can be described as a process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society and function together. This process is a combination of economic, technological, sociocultural and political forces. Globalization is often used to refer to economic globalization, that is, integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign distinctive investment, capital flows, migration and the spread of technology.
Emergence of global subcultures:
• “Davos” culture (Samuel Huntington, political scientist : “The Clash of Civilizations” (199)
--> Elite group of highly educated people who operate in the rarefied domains of international finance, media and diplomacy
--> Insiders share common belief about individualism, democracy and market economics
--> Follow a recognizable lifestyle
--> Instantly identifiable anywhere in the world
--> Feel more comfortable in each other’s presence than they do among their less-sophisticated compatriots

• The international “faculty club”
--> International network of people who share similar values, attitudes and research goals
--> Have a great influence through their association with educational institutions worldwide and have been instrumental in promoting feminism, environmentalism and human rights as global issues

• Transnational workers
--> English-speaking professionals who trace their origins to South-Asia but who live and work elsewhere have been observed
--> Have gained access to a unique network of individuals and opportunities
--Y Often strong social ties to their home states

The Global village:
--> The globe has been contracted to a village by electric-technology and the instantaneous movement of information from every quarter to every point at the same time. By bringing all social and political functions together in a sudden implosion, electric speed has heightened human awareness of responsibility to an intense degree.

The standardization of experience:
• Travel
--> The costs of international flights have declined --> travel has become a routine experience for millions of people
--> People can feel a home in any city, anywhere in the world
--> Standardized hotels --> no unfamiliar food and living arrangements
• Clothing
--> Export of used clothing from Western countries to developing nations has caused the adoption of Western-style dress by people of all socioeconomic levels around the world
--> Military fashions reflect a similar sense of convergence à rebel fighters (Central Africa) seemed to take their style cue from the guerilla garb worn by movie star Sylvester Stallone in his trilogy of Rambo films
--> China --> Western suits or casual wear became the norm
• Entertainment
--> power of media conglomerates and the ubiquity of entertainment programming has globalized television’s impact and made it a logical target for accusations of cultural imperialism
--> American television shows have corrosive effects on local cultures by highlighting Western notions of beauty, individualism and sexuality
--> Huge influence of American television programming ( Hollywood à no monopoly à Bollywood)
• Food
--> Oldest global carrier of culture
--> Driving force for globalization --> early phases of trade expansion and colonialism
--> 1493 Christopher Columbus: introduction of the hot red pepper to the Spanish court --> transforming cuisines and farming practices in Africa, Asia and the Middle East --> New world crops were responsible for agricultural revolutions, opening up terrain that had previously been unproductive
--> 1600’s : sweet potato was introduced to China --> responsible for a population explosion à today the sweet potato is disdained as poverty food
--> Global diet à increases the risk of obesity and diabetes --> traditional more wholesome dietary practices have only been concentrated among educated elites in industrial nations
--> McDonald’s has become a symbol of globalism --> succeeds in party by adjusting its menu to local needs --> globalization of fast food can influence public conduct --> fast food has changed consumer behaviours --> powerful force for dietary and social change
• Religion and globalization
--> Rapid diffusion of religious and cultural systems throughout the world
--> Islam:
1) One of the fastest-growing religions in the United States
2) By the start of the 21st century, Muslims of Turkish origin constituted the fastest-growing sector to Berlin’s population
3) Bradford and Newcastle à Pakistani and Indian people
--> Christianity has been an aggressively proselytizing religion with a globalizing agenda
1) the roman catholic church was the first global institution, having spread rapidly throughout the European colonial world and beyond
2) today, perhaps the fastest-growing religion is evangelical Christianity

Political consequences of globalization:
• Challenges to national sovereignty and identity
--> Authorities everywhere will lose control over the distribution of gods and services
--> Military force is perceived as hopelessly out of step or even powerless
--> The control of culture is seen as far more important than the control of political and geographic borders
Location factors:
• Infrastructure
--> Transport costs, modes of conveyance, energy prices, communication networks
--> National promotion (subsidies)
--> Height of taxes
--> Political, social, economic stability
• Proximity, size and entrance to factor of production markets
--> Availability of raw materials, transaction costs, wage level, unemployment ratio
• Purchasing power
--> Wage costs
--> Market entrance barriers
--> Competition intensity
--> Proximity to research, education and development mechanism
--> Environmental protection editions
--> Climate
The right location can make or brake a business because there are many factors to consider when choosing a retail location. For this reason it is important for companies to understand the different types of location and find the one that fits to their business. This is the reason why defined factors are important to identify the advantages and disadvantages of a certain location.
Sustainable development:
--> Economic planning that attempts to foster economy while preserving the quality of the environment
Ecotourism
--> Problems:
1) Environmental problems ignore political boundaries
2) Governments with different policy have to cooperate
3) Compliance
4) It is hard to establish sanctions
5) Different laws (many areas of international law remain underdeveloped)

Weil 2009 das Thema nicht vorkam Hätte man sich also nicht mit beschäftigen brauchen.